The Tyumen region (excluding the okrougs) is the part of the Tyumen region, which was established on August, 14th, 1944. Except the South of the area the structure of the Tyumen region includes two autonomous okrougs of the Russian Federation – the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okroug – Ugra and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okroug. However, the okrougs are not considered as the region’s administrative districts and remain the sovereign subjects of the Russian Federation. Since 1993 the okrougs have had the status of the sovereign subjects of the Russian Federation. 1470,7 persons lives in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okroug, its territory embraces 523.1 thousand sq. km, the district centre is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk with the population of 36 thousand persons. The population of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okroug makes up 524.2 thousand people, the territory cover 750.3 thousand sq. km, the district centre is the city of Salekhard, 31.2 thousand persons lives in it. There are 28 cities and 38 administrative areas in the territory of the Tyumen region. The largest cities are: Surgut (276 thousand people), Nizhnevartovsk (234 thousand people), Tobolsk (115 thousand people), Noyabrsk (104 thousand people), Novyy Urengoy (98 thousand people), Nefteyugansk (99 thousand people), Ishim (61 thousand people).
The region including the okrougs the Tyumen region is one of the largest regions of Russia. The territory of the region makes up more than 1,4 million sq. km (8,4 % of the area of Russia) that is equivalent to territory of Germany, France, Italy, Great Britain of together taken.
The Tyumen region excluding the autonomous okrougs (further the Tyumen region) is located within West Siberian plain, occupies the South of area and constitutes nearly 11 % of all its territory.
The area (except for the Uvatskiy district) is located in the part of Tyumen region that is most favorable for life activity, outside the official borderline of areas of the Far North and equated localities.
The region is the most populated part of area with the developed social infrastructure. The largest educational institutions, the scientific and design-research organisations, the cultural and medical centres are concentrated here.
Convenient economic and geographical position, first of all the affinity to Ural Mountains, the fuel and energy complex of the region, availability of the natural resources, the developed transport network are the basic conditions of escalating of its economic potential. By the beginning of 2006 the territory has numbered 5 cities, 22 districts, 5 urban villages and 1269 rural settlements (excluding the okrougs).

Natural resources
The region possesses of the largest peat stocks in the Russian Federation. In certain peat bogs large deposits vivianite (iron phosphate) are revealed (about 20 % of world's reserves); the use of this vivianite may satisfy agricultural demands for phosphate fertilizers. There are deposits of quartz sands, brick and keramzite clays, sapropels, limestones. The most part of the reconnoitered stocks of the lake sapropel is concentrated in reservoirs of Vagajskiy, Nizhnetavdinskiy, Tyumenskiy and Yarkovskiy areas.
The region is rich with stocks of fresh and mineral water.
The great prospects of development are connected with development of oil fields. Works to prepare for exploring of new petroliferous sites are carried out. There is the Kalchinskoe deposit, in working out, the North Demjanskoe deposit is in test production.
More than 44 % of ground fund in territory of the south of area occupy woods. The basic forest trees are: pine, birch, fur-tree, fir, aspen, cedar, larch.

The population
The number of population by the beginning of the year 2006 has reached 1314,5 thousand people, and 47% of them are men, 53% are women. The share of the urban population was 63%, and the share of rural settlement inhabitants accounted for 37%.
The South of the region - Tyumen and neighboring districts – represents the zone of ancient settlements. The predominating ethnic groups here are Russians and Siberian Tatars. Ethnic, interfaith and international conflicts have never occurred in Tyumen region; nor do they happen nowadays. There are no preconditions for them either.
65,7 % of the population fall on residents of the region, whose age allows them to work, 17,5% of inhabitants are under the active working age, and 16,8% of residents are over the active working age.
There is a tendency towards the death rate lowering and natural loss of population. The natural loss of population decreased from 3,2 thousand people in 2004 to 3,0 thousand people in 2005. The number of people born in 2005 as per 1000 inhabitants remained on the level of the year 2004 – 12,2. The mortality rate has decreased from 14,6 to 14,5 as compared to the previous year.
In 2005 the direction of migratory streams has changed. For the first time over the last years a positive migration net balance has been observed, that is, 1863 people. The migratory increase as per 10000 of the population has reached 14,2.
11 thousand wedded couples officially registered their marriage, which is by 12,8% higher than in 2004. The number of divorces has decreased on 7,4 % and has reached 5,3 thousand. The marriage and divorce rates (as per 1000 inhabitants) comprised 8,4 and 4,0 (in 2004 – 7,4 and 4,3).
Positive dynamics of the population level of living rates has been observed. In 2005 money income per capita amounted to 8430 rubles per month. Real available cash earnings of the population have grown by 17,7% as compared to the previous year.

Economy
The Tyumen region is currently one of the most stable regions of the Russian Federation. The economic potential of the Tyumen region makes the interrelation of economies of three subjects, with the most developed oil, gas and wood industry, agriculture and mechanical engineering. In Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets the autonomous okrougs occupying 89 % of territory, the basic oil-and gas production is carried out; it gives in total 94% of the regional commodity output. The economy of the Tyumen region is in a certain extent complementary to the economy of the Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets autonomous okrougs; it is based on the fuel industry (86,4% of the industrial output of the region at large).
In the South of the region electrical power engineering is highly developed, which provides fully the demands of the region and transfers energy to other regions. The Tyumen TPP -1 and TPP-2 are among the largest Europe producers of electrical power, operating on associated gas.
The oil refining industry is developed. It provides the petrochemical complex of the country with light hydrocarbons. The chemical and petrochemical industries are noted for production of butadiene, synthetic resins, plastics, polyethylene pipes and polymer films.
Of great demand are the products of machine building plants such as: oilfield, drilling, geological prospecting, oil refining equipment; tractor trailers, woodworking machines and concrete mixers.
Pre-fabricated ferroconcrete structures and articles, parts for large-panel house building, bricks, wall blocks, ecologically clean insulation materials, ceramic and decorative tiles are produced in the industry of building materials.
The important role in a development of the region plays the forestry and the woodworking industry. A wide range of furniture, as well as heat-insulating, decorative and other materials and wood products are manufactured.
The socially-focused branches are presented by the light and food industry.
In the South of the Tyumen region the agriculture is developed. The area of agricultural lands makes up 3352,2 thousand sq. km, the arable land area reaches 1632,5 thousand sq. km. Agricultural lands constitute 21% of the land stock in the territory of the region. Availability of fertility high potential soils and sufficiently moderate climate conditions allow growing grain, potatoes, vegetables, forage and succulent fodders. Cattle, pigs, goats, horses and poultry are bred here
All major transports are developed in the region. Oil-and gas pipelines, railway mains and motor car highways, waterways pass here; electrical and air transports are advanced. The motor transport is mostly spread. Of considerable value is the railway transport. The region is crossed by the section of the Trans-Siberian rail road, passing through Tyumen, Yalutorovsk, Zavodoukovsk and Ishim. The railway communication links the Trans-Siberian main line with major centers of oil and gas production in the autonomous okrougs.
The passenger and cargo aircraft is available with many cities of Russia and foreign countries operates. During navigation the river transport was used to provide connection with many districts of the region. Through the Tyumen River port cargoes were delivered to river ports of industrial centers, located on river ways.
The main industrial centres of the South of the Tyumen region: Tyumen, Ishim, Yalutorovsk, Zavodoukovsk, Tobolsk.
Tyumen is the administrative regional centre of the Tyumen region. The key industrial branches in Tyumen are machine building, food, light, woodworking, medical and construction industries.
There are over 24 thousand companies in Tyumen. 70% of the machine-building products, manufactured in Tyumen region, are produced in Tyumen. Representations of major oil and gas companies, which registered their profit centers here, are located in Tyumen. Oil and gas companies placed their scientific and research institutes in Tyumen. More than that, large scientific and research institutes of Russia in the field of exploration of oil and gas fields, production and refining of oil and gas, geology and geophysics are concentrated here. 70% of higher education institutions of Tyumen region are located in its capital. There are an international airport, a river port, railway and automobile stations. Railway and the automobile communication is available with area settlements, including the okrougs, with the European part of Russia and Ural Mountains, Eastern Siberia and the Far East.
Ishim - the major industries developed in the city are food, printing, woodworking, light industries; machine building and construction industry. There are 890 organizations in the territory of Ishim. There is a railway station, road service station.
Yalutorovsk – the leading industries are the food industry and machine building. The furniture, woodworking and light industries are well-developed. There are more than 480 companies operating in the territory of Yalutorovsk. There is a railway station, road service station.
Zavodoukovsk – the food, furniture, light industries, machine building, woodworking and timber harvesting are among the key industries of the city. There are over 300 organizations operating in the territory. There is a railway station, road service station.
Tobolsk – is specific for its petrochemical, food, light industries and folk crafts. There are over 2,1 thousand companies in Tobolsk. The largest of them is «Tobolsk –Neftekhim». The light industry enterprises produce footwear. Commodity producers of the city manufacture various foodstuffs, wines and liquors. Fishing is exercised. There is a river port, the airport, railway station and road service station.